Do Not Let Models Invent Numbers – Vinoo Ganesh, Kepler
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Episode description
In finance, you never show a figure you can't trace. Vinoo Ganesh, CEO of Kepler (previously Palantir and Citadel), explains Kepler's architecture where models cite numbers but never write them: retrieval finds the source, deterministic code does the math, and a post-processing filter strips any figure that can't be verified. He covers the citation registry built from more than 30 million SEC documents, hybrid search and re-ranking on turbopuffer, tenant isolation, and why plain RAG produced thousands of wrong numbers in their evals. Chapters 00:00 Intro 01:47 Why LLMs and financial numbers don't mix 04:02 Models cite numbers, code does the math 04:30 Building a citation registry from SEC filings 06:03 How Kepler answers a question end to end 08:27 Structuring facts: value, unit, scale, period 09:48 Hybrid search and re-ranking on turbopuffer 11:30 Tenant isolation and security 12:37 Making every number traceable 14:42 Stripping what can't be verified 16:41 What plain RAG gets wrong 18:32 Kepler in action 19:46 Where the guarantees end Vinoo Ganesh, Kepler Join us in SF for the second annual AIE CODE summit: https://aie.codes our last flagship summit of 2026. Applications live now!
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